Taxation plays a vital role in shaping a country’s economy, and for Pakistan, the structure of income tax slabs is particularly significant for the salaried class. Each year, the government introduces revisions through the annual budget and the Finance Act, impacting millions of workers across the nation. For the fiscal year 2024–2025, the Government of Pakistan has finalized a new set of income tax slabs, which have generated widespread discussion among professionals and economic analysts.
The revisions are not just numbers on paper; they directly influence the disposable income of households, the purchasing power of citizens, and ultimately the financial stability of salaried families. As inflation continues to strain budgets, changes in income tax obligations are closely examined by both employees and employers. We explored the tax slabs for 2024–2025 in detail, comparing them with the previous year, highlighting the impact on different income brackets, and explaining what these changes mean for the salaried workforce in Pakistan.
The Context of Tax Reforms in Pakistan
Every fiscal year, the government of Pakistan presents a budget that outlines taxation policies aimed at increasing revenue, balancing fiscal deficits, and addressing economic priorities. The salaried class forms one of the most structured and traceable segments of taxpayers, making it a primary focus of income tax policy.
The Finance Act 2024 introduced a new framework for salaried individuals. While the number of slabs remains six, certain tax rates have been increased, notably for the income group between Rs. 600,000 and Rs. 1,200,000 annually. This increase has drawn attention because it directly affects a large section of the middle-income group, which is already coping with rising costs of living.
Tax reforms in Pakistan are often driven by the need to meet International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditions, expand the tax base, and reduce fiscal deficits. However, the challenge lies in ensuring that taxation is progressive and fair, without disproportionately affecting those who have limited capacity to absorb financial shocks.
Overview of the New Income Tax Slabs 2024–2025
For the fiscal year 2024–2025, the government has finalized the following slabs for salaried individuals:
- Where taxable income does not exceed Rs. 600,000 per year, no tax is payable.
- Where taxable income exceeds Rs. 600,000 but does not exceed Rs. 1,200,000, tax is 5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 600,000.
- Where taxable income exceeds Rs. 1,200,000 but does not exceed Rs. 2,200,000, the liability is Rs. 30,000 plus 15 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 1,200,000.
- Where taxable income exceeds Rs. 2,200,000 but does not exceed Rs. 3,200,000, the liability is Rs. 180,000 plus 25 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 2,200,000.
- Where taxable income exceeds Rs. 3,200,000 but does not exceed Rs. 4,100,000, the liability is Rs. 430,000 plus 30 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 3,200,000.
- Where taxable income exceeds Rs. 4,100,000, the liability is Rs. 700,000 plus 35 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 4,100,000.
This new structure continues to maintain six slabs, ensuring a progressive taxation system, but the increased rates have placed additional responsibility on workers whose incomes fall within the lower-middle bracket.
Comparison with Previous Year’s Slabs
To understand the changes, it is important to compare the new structure with the tax slabs applicable in the fiscal year 2023–2024.
- No tax was payable where taxable income did not exceed Rs. 600,000 annually.
- Income exceeding Rs. 600,000 but not exceeding Rs. 1,200,000 was taxed at 2.5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 600,000.
- Income exceeding Rs. 1,200,000 but not exceeding Rs. 2,400,000 was charged Rs. 15,000 plus 12.5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 1,200,000.
- Income exceeding Rs. 2,400,000 but not exceeding Rs. 3,600,000 was taxed at Rs. 165,000 plus 22.5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 2,400,000.
- Income exceeding Rs. 3,600,000 but not exceeding Rs. 6,000,000 was charged Rs. 435,000 plus 27.5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 3,600,000.
- Income exceeding Rs. 6,000,000 was taxed at Rs. 1,095,000 plus 35 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 6,000,000.
The most visible difference is the upward revision in the second slab, where the rate has doubled from 2.5 percent to 5 percent. Additionally, the slab thresholds have been adjusted, affecting how middle- and upper-middle-income individuals calculate their liability.
Impact on the Middle-Income Group
The middle-income bracket, particularly individuals earning between Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 200,000 per month, is most affected by these revisions.
For instance, a salaried person making Rs. 100,000 per month, or Rs. 1.2 million annually, will now face a liability of Rs. 30,000. Under the previous system, this same individual paid only Rs. 15,000, meaning the tax burden has effectively doubled.
Similarly, someone earning Rs. 200,000 per month, or Rs. 2.4 million annually, will pay Rs. 210,000 under the new slabs, compared to Rs. 165,000 previously. This increase further reduces disposable income at a time when essential expenses such as food, utilities, and transport continue to rise.
The government justifies this revision as part of its efforts to increase revenue from salaried professionals, but critics argue that it unfairly targets a group that is already struggling with inflation and limited opportunities for salary growth.
Impact on High-Income Earners
The slabs also affect high-income earners, although the impact is somewhat less dramatic in percentage terms. An individual earning Rs. 500,000 per month, or Rs. 6 million annually, will see their liability rise by Rs. 22,500 compared to the previous year. Similarly, a person with an annual income of Rs. 12 million will pay an additional Rs. 22,000.
While these amounts may seem relatively minor in relation to total income, the perception of fairness becomes an issue. Many argue that high-income earners can absorb such increases, while others point out that excessive taxation may discourage productivity and investment.
The Exemption Threshold and Its Implications
One element that remains unchanged is the income tax exemption threshold. The government has kept the threshold at Rs. 600,000 per year, equivalent to Rs. 50,000 per month. This means individuals earning up to this amount are not required to pay income tax.
While this provides some relief to the lowest-paid segment of the salaried class, it is important to note that inflation has significantly reduced the purchasing power of Rs. 50,000 per month. Households at this income level continue to face severe challenges in meeting basic needs, even if they are exempt from income tax.
Economists suggest that the exemption threshold should be reviewed periodically to align with inflationary trends, ensuring that the poorest are not disproportionately affected by indirect taxes and rising costs of living.
Historical Perspective on Taxation in Pakistan
Income tax slabs in Pakistan have undergone frequent changes over the past decade. Governments often adjust the rates and thresholds to respond to economic conditions, revenue targets, and political considerations.
In earlier years, there were more than six slabs, providing a finer progression of rates across different income levels. Recent reforms have simplified the structure, but this has sometimes led to abrupt jumps in liability between adjacent slabs.
The consistency of the exemption threshold at Rs. 600,000 over recent years has been both a relief and a challenge. While it shields low-income earners from direct taxation, it also narrows the taxable base, increasing reliance on those earning slightly above this level.
Case Studies of Tax Calculations
To better illustrate the real impact of the 2024–2025 slabs, let us consider a few practical examples.
- A person earning Rs. 50,000 per month, or Rs. 600,000 annually, pays no tax under both the old and new systems.
- A person earning Rs. 100,000 per month, or Rs. 1.2 million annually, now pays Rs. 30,000 compared to Rs. 15,000 previously.
- A person earning Rs. 200,000 per month, or Rs. 2.4 million annually, now pays Rs. 210,000 compared to Rs. 165,000 previously.
- A person earning Rs. 500,000 per month, or Rs. 6 million annually, now pays Rs. 1,320,000 compared to Rs. 1,297,500 previously.
- A person earning Rs. 1,000,000 per month, or Rs. 12 million annually, now pays Rs. 3,500,000 compared to Rs. 3,478,000 previously.
These examples clearly highlight the increased responsibility placed on both middle-income and high-income earners.
Broader Economic Implications
The new tax slabs do not exist in isolation. They are part of a broader fiscal strategy aimed at generating revenue for the government. However, the timing and structure of these changes have significant consequences.
On one hand, the government faces immense pressure to increase its tax-to-GDP ratio, which remains one of the lowest in the region. Expanding tax collection from the salaried class is seen as a relatively straightforward method, given the formal nature of employment in this sector.
On the other hand, the increased burden may reduce disposable income, curbing consumer spending and slowing down economic activity. For businesses, this may translate into lower demand for goods and services, further affecting overall growth.
Impact of New Income Tax Slabs on Salaried Individuals in Pakistan
Taxation is more than just a revenue collection tool. It shapes the distribution of wealth, influences purchasing power, and ultimately affects the standard of living for millions. The revision of income tax slabs for the fiscal year 2024–2025 has created a visible shift in financial planning for salaried individuals across Pakistan. While the structure continues to follow a progressive approach, the adjustments in rates and thresholds have altered the way employees perceive their incomes and manage expenses.
A closer look at how the new tax slabs influence different categories of salaried workers, from entry-level professionals to high-income executives. It also explores the socio-economic ripple effects of these changes and how individuals and households can adapt.
Rising Tax Burden on Entry and Middle-Level Salaries
The government has maintained the exemption threshold of Rs. 600,000 annually, which protects individuals earning up to Rs. 50,000 per month from taxation. However, those who fall just above this bracket are now facing a steeper tax rate than in the previous fiscal year.
For instance, employees earning between Rs. 600,001 and Rs. 1,200,000 annually will now pay 5 percent of the amount exceeding Rs. 600,000. Under the 2023–2024 slabs, the applicable rate was 2.5 percent. This doubling of liability is significant because many professionals in this bracket form the backbone of Pakistan’s corporate and service industries. Teachers, junior managers, engineers, IT staff, and healthcare professionals often earn within this range, and for them, even minor increases in tax obligations can translate into reduced savings or higher monthly stress.
The Situation of Middle-Income Earners
Middle-income earners, defined as those making between Rs. 100,000 and Rs. 300,000 per month, are experiencing the most noticeable increases.
An individual earning Rs. 200,000 per month, equivalent to Rs. 2.4 million annually, now faces a liability of Rs. 210,000. This is a sharp rise from Rs. 165,000 under the old system. While such individuals may have higher purchasing power compared to lower-income groups, inflation in housing, transport, education, and healthcare costs means that the increase in tax obligations squeezes their budgets considerably.
This group often includes mid-level managers, consultants, and specialized professionals who invest heavily in children’s education, family healthcare, and homeownership. The additional taxation reduces their ability to save for emergencies or retirement, placing them under long-term financial strain.
High-Income Earners and the Perception of Fairness
For those in the upper brackets, such as individuals earning Rs. 500,000 per month or more, the tax slabs translate into relatively modest increases in liability. A professional with an annual income of Rs. 6 million will pay about Rs. 22,500 more than last year, while someone earning Rs. 12 million annually will see an increase of Rs. 22,000.
On paper, this appears to be a reasonable contribution from wealthier citizens, but the perception of fairness comes into play. Critics argue that the incremental increase for high-income earners does not match the proportional burden placed on middle-income groups. Since high earners often have access to investment opportunities, property ownership, and financial instruments, they are better positioned to absorb the tax burden compared to salaried individuals with limited income sources.
Inflation and Disposable Income
The changes in taxation cannot be analyzed in isolation. Inflation, which has been consistently high in Pakistan, magnifies the impact of tax reforms.
When the prices of essential goods such as food, fuel, and utilities rise sharply, households already experience reduced disposable income. Adding higher tax obligations further compounds the problem. For instance, a family earning Rs. 100,000 per month may spend nearly 70 percent of their income on housing, groceries, and school fees. The increase in taxes, even though numerically small, forces them to either cut back on non-essential spending or compromise on savings.
This reduction in disposable income affects the broader economy as well. Lower consumption means slower demand for goods and services, which in turn impacts businesses and employment. In this way, revisions in income tax slabs have a ripple effect far beyond individual households.
Tax Compliance and the Role of the Salaried Class
One of the reasons the government targets the salaried class is the ease of compliance. Employers deduct taxes at source before salaries are disbursed, making collection efficient and transparent. This ensures that salaried individuals form a reliable base of taxpayers.
However, this also raises concerns of equity. The informal sector in Pakistan, which includes small traders, shopkeepers, contractors, and many service providers, often escapes the tax net altogether.
This leaves salaried professionals feeling overburdened, as their income is fully documented and taxed while large segments of the population contribute little or nothing to national revenue. Bringing more sectors into the tax system remains a challenge, but for now, the salaried class continues to carry a disproportionate share of the responsibility.
How Families Are Adjusting to the Changes
Families across Pakistan are rethinking their financial strategies in response to these new slabs. Many are cutting down on discretionary spending, such as dining out, vacations, or non-essential purchases, to accommodate higher taxes. Savings plans are also being adjusted.
For example, individuals who previously set aside 10 percent of their monthly income for future goals may now find it necessary to reduce contributions to 5 percent. Some households are exploring secondary income sources, such as freelance work, small businesses, or investments, to offset the reduced take-home pay. This adaptation reflects resilience, but it also highlights the pressure on middle-class families to maintain their standard of living in the face of rising costs and increasing taxation.
Long-Term Implications for Financial Planning
The revision of income tax slabs has significant implications for long-term financial planning. Retirement savings, property investments, and education funds are all affected by the reduced capacity to save.
For younger professionals, this may delay milestones such as buying a home or starting a family. For older workers nearing retirement, the pressure to maintain adequate savings grows even more severe.
Financial advisors recommend careful budgeting, prioritization of essential expenses, and strategic investments in tax-efficient instruments. However, the reality for many is that limited income growth combined with rising costs leaves little room for maneuvering.
Regional Comparisons and Lessons
Looking beyond Pakistan, many countries in South Asia and beyond adopt progressive tax systems with multiple slabs. However, there are important differences. In some countries, exemption thresholds are regularly revised to reflect inflation, ensuring that low-income earners are protected. In others, governments introduce targeted relief measures for middle-income groups, such as deductions for housing, education, or healthcare expenses.
Pakistan’s system, while progressive in structure, does not currently offer such targeted deductions. Salaried individuals are taxed purely on their gross income, with limited allowances or credits. This makes the system less sensitive to individual circumstances and contributes to the sense of inequity.
The Broader Social Impact
Taxation is not only about revenue; it has social consequences as well. When middle-income households feel disproportionately burdened, it erodes trust in government institutions. Citizens may perceive taxation as unfair, leading to reduced morale and lower willingness to comply voluntarily.
Additionally, higher taxation on the salaried class may widen the gap between formal and informal sectors. Professionals who cannot avoid tax feel penalized, while others who operate outside the system continue to enjoy untaxed income. Over time, this can discourage formal employment and push individuals toward informal arrangements, undermining long-term economic development.
Case Studies: Real-Life Scenarios
To better understand the effect of these changes, let us consider three hypothetical households:
- Household A: A young couple earning a combined Rs. 150,000 per month. Their tax liability has risen by about Rs. 15,000 annually. This reduces their ability to save for a home purchase.
- Household B: A family with two school-going children, earning Rs. 250,000 per month. Their increased tax burden forces them to cut down on extracurricular activities and delay plans for an overseas vacation.
- Household C: A senior executive earning Rs. 1,000,000 per month. While their liability has increased by Rs. 22,000 annually, the impact on lifestyle is minimal, though they may view the system as discouraging higher earnings.
These examples show how the same policy affects households differently depending on income levels, expenses, and financial goals.
Policy Criticism and Public Debate
The new slabs have generated widespread debate among economists, policymakers, and the general public. Supporters argue that the revisions are necessary to increase government revenue and reduce reliance on external borrowing. They point out that Pakistan’s tax-to-GDP ratio remains low and that every citizen must contribute their fair share.
Critics, however, contend that the structure disproportionately affects the middle-income group. They argue that without expanding the tax net to include non-salaried professionals, traders, and agricultural income, the burden will continue to fall unfairly on one segment of society.
Public discourse also reflects frustration that higher taxes are not matched by improvements in public services such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Many taxpayers feel that they pay more each year but see little return in terms of social welfare.
Coping with the Revised Income Tax Slabs in Pakistan
The revision of income tax slabs for the fiscal year 2024–2025 has reshaped financial priorities for millions of salaried individuals across Pakistan. The higher rates, especially for those earning between Rs. 600,000 and Rs. 2,200,000 annually, have introduced a greater burden on households already grappling with inflation. For many, the question is not only how much tax they will pay but also how to adjust their financial strategies to cope with these changes.
We explore coping mechanisms, tax planning approaches, and the broader economic implications of the new income tax slabs. It also sheds light on the importance of financial literacy, the role of digital tools, and the necessity for individuals to adapt proactively in order to safeguard their financial future.
Importance of Understanding Tax Brackets
A fundamental step in adjusting to revised taxation policies is developing a thorough understanding of tax brackets. Salaried individuals often depend on payroll deductions without fully analyzing how their income fits into the national tax structure. By carefully reviewing their annual earnings and applying the slab rates, employees can better predict their obligations and avoid unpleasant surprises.
For example, someone earning Rs. 1,800,000 per year must realize that their liability is not calculated as a flat percentage of the total income but rather in tiers. This layered calculation means that only the portion exceeding each threshold is taxed at the corresponding rate. Developing clarity on this concept can help individuals forecast monthly and annual expenses more accurately.
Household Budgeting Under Revised Tax Slabs
With rising obligations, effective budgeting becomes essential. Families must now distinguish more clearly between essential and non-essential expenses. Housing, utilities, food, and education consume the largest portion of income, leaving limited room for discretionary spending.
One common approach is the 50-30-20 budgeting model, where 50 percent of income goes toward essentials, 30 percent to lifestyle choices, and 20 percent to savings or investments. However, under the new taxation regime, many households are forced to adjust this ratio, often reducing the lifestyle category to around 20 percent and compressing savings further.
Reassessing household budgets ensures that families can still meet obligations while minimizing financial stress. In this environment, careful tracking of expenses is no longer optional but a necessity.
Exploring Tax-Efficient Investment Options
While the revised slabs increase liabilities, individuals can explore investment avenues that offer tax efficiency. Certain savings schemes, retirement funds, and government bonds provide partial exemptions or tax advantages.
For instance, contributions to approved pension funds can lower taxable income, effectively reducing overall liability. Similarly, national savings certificates or government-backed investment products may not only generate returns but also align with tax regulations.
Consulting professional advisors can help employees identify the best mix of investments suited to their income level and risk appetite. In this way, individuals can partially offset the financial strain of higher taxes while securing their long-term financial goals.
Role of Digital Financial Tools
Modern financial technology platforms have made it easier for individuals to track income, expenses, and tax obligations. Apps that automatically categorize spending, generate reports, and calculate potential liabilities are becoming increasingly popular among Pakistan’s salaried class.
These digital tools offer transparency, helping users visualize where money is going each month and how much should be reserved for taxes. They also provide reminders for due dates, reducing the risk of late penalties or errors. The integration of such platforms into daily life equips employees with a level of control that was previously unavailable, ensuring that revised tax slabs can be managed with greater ease.
Inflation-Linked Challenges in Tax Planning
Any discussion of coping with taxation changes must consider inflation. When the cost of living rises faster than wage growth, individuals find themselves under pressure even without higher tax rates. The new slabs exacerbate this situation by taking a larger share of income at a time when household budgets are already stretched.
Prudent financial planning under such conditions involves anticipating further inflationary pressures. Building an emergency fund, diversifying investments, and avoiding unnecessary debt become critical strategies for long-term security. Inflation also highlights the need for periodic revision of exemption thresholds, something that taxpayers increasingly demand from policymakers.
Strategies for Middle-Income Earners
Middle-income households are most vulnerable to these changes. They face significant tax increases while lacking the flexibility of high earners or the exemption enjoyed by low earners. To adapt, this group must adopt proactive financial strategies.
Reducing discretionary spending is the first step, followed by reevaluating long-term goals such as property purchases or higher education funding. Families may also consider supplementing income through side businesses, freelancing, or skill development. In a digital economy, opportunities for remote work, online services, and consulting are expanding, providing viable alternatives to bridge the gap created by higher taxes.
High-Income Earners and Advanced Planning
For high-income individuals, the increased tax burden, though smaller in relative terms, emphasizes the need for advanced planning. Strategies such as diversifying income sources, maximizing retirement contributions, and exploring international investment opportunities become more important.
This group often employs professional tax advisors to ensure compliance while optimizing liability. By leveraging legitimate financial instruments, high-income earners can mitigate the impact of revised slabs while continuing to grow wealth.
Building a Culture of Financial Literacy
Coping with revised tax structures requires not only individual adjustments but also broader cultural change. Financial literacy remains limited in Pakistan, with many employees relying solely on employer deductions without deeper knowledge of personal finance.
Workshops, seminars, and awareness campaigns can empower citizens to make informed choices. Educational institutions also play a role in introducing financial management courses that prepare future generations to navigate taxation systems effectively. When individuals understand how taxation works and how they can adapt, they become more resilient in the face of fiscal policy changes.
The Psychological Impact of Higher Taxes
It is important to acknowledge the psychological burden that accompanies increased tax obligations. For many, the perception of reduced take-home pay translates into feelings of unfairness or demotivation. This is particularly true when taxpayers feel that their contributions do not translate into improved public services.
The mental strain of balancing household budgets, meeting rising expenses, and fulfilling tax obligations can affect overall well-being. Acknowledging this psychological impact is essential, as it underlines the need for clear communication from policymakers and stronger efforts to justify taxation by demonstrating visible improvements in governance and infrastructure.
Government Responsibility in Managing Perceptions
While individuals adjust their financial planning, the government has a parallel responsibility. Taxpayers expect their contributions to be used efficiently for the betterment of society. Investment in healthcare, education, transportation, and digital infrastructure serves as visible proof that taxes are being utilized effectively.
If citizens see tangible benefits, compliance becomes easier and perceptions of fairness improve. On the other hand, if higher taxes are accompanied by poor service delivery, frustration grows, leading to reduced trust in institutions.
Lessons from Global Practices
Countries around the world provide examples of how progressive taxation can balance fairness and efficiency. Some nations introduce targeted deductions for specific expenses such as childcare, medical costs, or higher education. Others revise exemption thresholds annually to keep pace with inflation.
By studying these models, Pakistan can refine its approach to ensure that taxation remains both equitable and sustainable. Introducing deductions or credits for middle-income earners, in particular, could ease their burden while maintaining revenue collection goals.
Encouraging Broader Tax Compliance
One of the persistent challenges in Pakistan is the limited tax base. A large portion of the economy operates informally, leaving salaried individuals disproportionately affected. To create balance, it is vital to bring other sectors into the tax net through effective regulation, digitization, and incentives.
Widening compliance not only increases revenue but also reduces the need to overburden existing taxpayers. For salaried employees, broader compliance would mean a fairer distribution of responsibilities and potentially lighter future increases in their own liability.
Financial Adaptation During Economic Transition
Pakistan is currently navigating economic challenges that include inflation, currency fluctuations, and fiscal deficits. The revision of income tax slabs is part of broader reforms aimed at stabilizing public finances. For individuals, this represents a transitional phase requiring patience, adaptation, and careful planning.
Those who successfully navigate this period by building resilience, enhancing financial literacy, and exploring diversified income opportunities will be better positioned to thrive once the economy stabilizes.
Preparing for the Future
Looking ahead, individuals must treat taxation not as an isolated issue but as part of a larger financial landscape. Saving consistently, investing wisely, and adapting to policy changes are long-term habits that safeguard financial stability.
Future revisions to tax slabs are inevitable, as governments adjust to changing economic conditions. By developing a proactive mindset and flexible financial strategies, salaried individuals can manage these adjustments more effectively without compromising their standard of living.
Conclusion
The revision of income tax slabs for salaried individuals in Pakistan for the fiscal year 2024–2025 has introduced significant changes that cannot be overlooked. By increasing tax rates across multiple brackets while maintaining the exemption threshold, the government has placed greater responsibility on middle- and high-income earners, many of whom are already struggling under the weight of persistent inflation.
Through a comparison with the previous year’s structure, it becomes evident that the sharpest increases fall on individuals earning between Rs. 600,000 and Rs. 2,200,000 annually. Yet, even higher earners face noticeable adjustments in their liabilities, reinforcing the fact that these changes affect almost every salaried household.
While the new slabs have been designed to strengthen national revenue, they have also underscored the need for greater financial literacy, smarter tax planning, and proactive budgeting among employees. Middle-income families, in particular, must carefully reassess their financial strategies, embrace digital financial tools, and consider tax-efficient investments to mitigate the added burden. High-income earners, on the other hand, are encouraged to adopt advanced planning methods, diversify income sources, and seek professional advice to safeguard long-term wealth.
The broader implications extend beyond individuals. For sustainable progress, the government must complement higher tax collection with visible improvements in public services, infrastructure, and social welfare. Equally important is the expansion of the tax base, ensuring that the responsibility of contributing to national revenue does not fall disproportionately on the salaried class alone.
Ultimately, the revised income tax regime is both a challenge and an opportunity. It challenges individuals to adapt their financial behavior and navigate tighter budgets, but it also presents an opportunity to foster a culture of responsibility, compliance, and financial resilience. By preparing wisely, embracing knowledge, and remaining adaptable, Pakistan’s salaried individuals can weather the impact of these reforms while contributing to the country’s economic recovery and long-term stability.